Planning Reforms: Net-zero Carbon Emissions

Question

14:46:00

Asked by

To ask His Majesty’s Government what steps they are taking to ensure that their proposed planning reforms contribute to the delivery of net zero carbon emissions.

My Lords, the planning system can of course play a powerful role in supporting the transition to a low-carbon future and in helping to shape places in ways that contribute to reaching net-zero carbon emissions. The recent National Planning Policy Framework consultation sought views on how best to strengthen planning policies to support clean energy and net-zero emissions. We are considering the response to that and will publish the updated framework before the end of the year.

I thank my noble friend the Minister for her response. Nye Bevan said in 1947 that “we shall be judged for a year or two by the number of houses we build”, but we shall be judged over decades “by the type of houses we build”. There is an opportunity with both retrofit and new build for the UK to be a world leader in the field of green standards and build, but that requires long-term planning and strategic oversight. Planning regulations and rules, combined with the proposed planning and infrastructure Bill, offer the vehicle to deliver that. Therefore, can my noble friend the Minister reassure me that the future homes standard will not be watered down, and that the presumption will be in favour of incorporating proven renewable technologies that both reduce consumers’ bills and help save the planet?

I thank my noble friend for his question. I agree with both him and Nye Bevan: this is a very important issue, and we need to set out how we support the transition to a low-carbon future in a changing climate. The National Planning Policy Framework will set that out, including the ways that both shaping places and building homes can contribute to radical reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and support renewable and low-carbon energy and associated infrastructure. The place-making aspect is very important. As someone from a new town, I have seen the benefit of good place-making. Of course, when my town was built, the idea of net zero was not on the scene, but we now need to take that into account too. We have consulted widely on the future homes standard, and we are currently considering further representations on solar. As I said, we will publish the NPPF before Christmas and the future homes standard early in the new year.

My Lords, as the noble Baroness just said, the Government will publish their conclusions on the NPPF by the end of this month. The consultation document suggested important new policies on housing targets, the grey belt, solar energy and wind farms. Will the House have an opportunity to debate the Government’s conclusions?

I thank the noble Lord for his contribution to all the discussion on this issue during the passage of the Levelling-up and Regeneration Bill. The NPPF will be published before Christmas and there will be an Oral Statement to both Houses, so there will be a chance to question that Statement then. I will take back his point about a debate on this subject, but of course, any noble Lord is able to submit any topic for debate, as we know.

My Lords, what is the Government’s view of the World Climate Declaration, signed by some 2,000 scientists and professionals, who say that there is no climate emergency at all and that the pursuit of net zero is very damaging, particularly to the poorer countries of the planet?

I am afraid I do not agree with that statement. We do need to reduce the carbon emissions in this country, and our Government have a clear mission to do that. It runs through every departmental objective, particularly in my department in the delivery of new homes.

My Lords, I declare my interests as set out in the register. High standards of energy efficiency not only reduce emissions; they also give people lower bills and warmer, healthier homes. Will the Minster assure me that we have learnt the lessons of the downgrading of building standards nearly a decade ago? Retrofitting is far more expensive and disruptive, so can we see in the new standards really high-quality energy-efficiency methods, in particular solar, for new buildings, both domestic and business?

I thank the noble Baroness for the great contribution she has made in this area. We do need to learn lessons from what has happened in the past. The consultation sought views on revisions to the NPPF to increase support for renewable energy schemes, tackle climate change and safeguard environmental resources. Of course, ensuring that transition to clean power will help boost our energy independence, which is vital, reduce energy bills, support the high-skilled jobs and SME innovation we all want to see, and tackle the climate crisis. So, yes, we do take this very seriously. Those things will not be watered down. We are currently working on solar for the Future Homes Standard and we will be making more announcements shortly.

My Lords, one of the urgent challenges to deliver net-zero carbon emissions is to facilitate the delivery of onshore wind and solar, persistently denied by the previous Conservative Governments. Delivery of solar via grid connections to rural areas necessitates these reforms to speed up developments. The extension of regional mayors could be vital in this respect, as in the creation of a mayor for Warrington in Cheshire. Is my noble friend the Minister’s department working closely with DESNZ and Defra to enable these reforms to go ahead?

My noble friend is quite right about onshore wind and solar, and that is why the Chancellor announced in July the immediate removal of the inexplicable ban on onshore wind in England. The planning restrictions in place in England since 2015 could have led to a single objection to an onshore wind turbine preventing it being built. As I said, we are considering further the issues of solar, particularly the importance of connections to rural areas. His point about mayors is well made. We will be making a Statement about the English Devolution White Paper in the next few days. That will give powers to mayors to do the right thing and to drive this clean energy agenda forward in a way that is right for their area.

My Lords, I declare my interest as laid out in the register. In their press release of 23 September, the Government said that all social housing will have to achieve an EPC rating of C. Can the Minister tell the House how much additional grant funding the Chancellor will allocate to support local authorities and councils to achieve this for existing properties?

There has been significant additional funding for affordable housing, and some of that will of course be used for the net- zero agenda. That funding was found in spite of the £22 billion black hole we found in our budgets, and I am very pleased that we have been able to do that. It is important that, as we drive forward a revolution in social housing, building more of it than we have seen for generations, we make sure that those new social homes do not have to be retrofitted and are at the highest standard of net zero.

My Lords, building regulations —approved document L, in fact—set out how properties should be heated, so it is within the Government’s remit to change the building regulations to ensure that new properties have non-fossil fuel sources of heating, or indeed to require them to do so. What consideration have the Government given to amending building regulations as soon as possible—not waiting for the NPPF to be published and implemented—in order to ensure that new homes get non-fossil fuel sources of heat?

I thank the noble Baroness. I am sure the NPPF will answer her question when it is published, before Christmas.

My Lords, I declare my interests as listed in the register. A Written Ministerial Statement from December last year is preventing a number of sustainable developments from being built across the UK, including Salt Cross in Oxfordshire, because it is constraining local authorities’ efforts to build houses that go beyond current building energy-efficiency regs. Can the Minister say what plans the Government have to revoke that Written Ministerial Statement and allow these developments to go ahead?

I thank the noble Lord, and I will take back the point on the Written Ministerial Statement, but plan makers’ powers have not been restricted. The Planning and Energy Act 2008 permits plan makers to set at the local level energy efficiency standards which go beyond national building regulation standards, provided that they do so in a manner consistent with national policy.