Adult Social Care

Question

14:47:00

Asked by

To ask His Majesty’s Government what steps they are taking to remedy skills shortages and workforce gaps in the provision of adult social care.

My Lords, the Government are committed to recognising the adult social care workforce as the professionals they are. In April we expanded the care workforce pathway with four new role categories providing guidance on care workers’ career development. We are continuing the learning and development support scheme, backed up by up to £12 million in funding, and introducing new digital workforce tools. That is in addition to introducing legislation for the first ever fair pay agreement for care workers.

I thank my noble friend for that Answer. I draw the House’s attention to my interests in the register. Social care workers do an extraordinary job, including with my own mother, but there are huge skills shortages in this sector, estimated at over 130,000 at present. Partly as a result of that, the sector is dependent on foreign workers, who make up 20% to 25% of the workforce, yet last month the Government said the recruitment of overseas care workers will end in 2028. That is the year when the report by the noble Baroness, Lady Casey, on the future of social care will be published. What is the Government’s strategy in the interim period now that 2028 is the cut-off date for recruitment from overseas—before the plan for reform of the sector has been published?

It is probably worth me saying that, while the changes announced in the recently published immigration White Paper mean that overseas recruitment for adult social care will end, as my noble friend said, that is because, as he will know, the Government wish to reduce reliance on an overseas workforce. That is why there is a transition period. Until 2028 the visa extensions and in-country switching will be able to continue. The Government are also taking a range of actions to make the sector more available, more highly professionalised, more skilled and better rewarded than we have seen thus far. In all these ways, the transition period is important. The estimate is that the transition period will allow this change to be made, and better support and professionalisation for domestic as well as existing international workers can continue.

My Lords, can the Minister go a bit further on that very helpful reply? Taking into account the range and nature of the personal care that these social care staff provide daily, is it not time that we got on urgently to professionalise the service, to make sure that they all get the proper training and that their status is rewarded with appropriate recompense?

Yes, indeed. I pay tribute to the adult social care workforce who work hard, day in, day out, to provide the standards that the noble Lord refers to for those in our communities who are often the most vulnerable. I could give a range of examples but will refer in particular to the learning and development support scheme, which was launched in September 2024. It provides funding for eligible care staff to complete courses and qualifications, including a new level 2 adult social care certificate, and has been backed by £12 million this financial year. I give that as just one example; I am sure the noble Lord will be welcoming of the other actions that the Government are taking.

My Lords, the spending review announced £4 billion for social care, but that £4 billion will come from the NHS and not until 2028. Can the Minister confirm that there was nothing in the spending review about the two intervening years, in which local authorities are supposed to implement the fair pay award?

Your Lordships’ House will be aware of the financial situation that we inherited and seek to put right. The Government have made available up to £3.7 billion in additional funding for social care authorities in 2025-26, and the noble Baroness is right that just last week the spending review allowed for a further increase of over £4 billion to be made available for adult social care in 2028-29. We are taking a whole range of actions. The Employment Rights Bill, which we will come back to later today, seeks, for the first time ever, to bring in fair pay and professionalisation for those in the adult social care workforce. So it is not that nothing is happening in the meantime. We are making progress and ensuring that the funding will be available so that we have not just a decent adult social care workforce but a way of tackling what no Government have managed to tackle before.

My Lords, given the persistent workforce gaps in adult social care over many years, and given the concerns that there are over immigration—even though immigrants often do the work that local people do not want to do—can the Minister outline what plans the Government have, with a clear structure, to make this a more attractive career, particularly to young people in the UK? What are the Government doing in partnership with social care providers, which are stretched at the moment, to look at alternative ways of funding training and skills development and to make sure that this is an attractive career for those in the UK, rather than always having to rely on immigration?

As the noble Lord rightly outlines, this is a move, over a number of years, to reduce the reliance on international recruitment. I am really glad that just a couple of weeks ago the Department for Education announced the launch of a health and social care foundation apprenticeship, set to begin in August this year. This is focused on young people and will give them a paid route into the sector so that they can earn as well as gain skills and experience. It will be a wonderful foundation for young people, ensuring that they are encouraged into what is an extremely valuable sector and will have the right skills, including technical skills, and the ability to carry out the job. That is just one of the measures but it is an extremely positive initiative, as the noble Lord calls for.

My Lords, given the well-documented regional and social economic disparities in access to adult social care, in what way are the Government, in focusing on the shortages in the workforce, focusing their efforts on tackling this inequality in access?

In general terms, of course, the independent commission into adult social care will be part of our critical first steps towards delivering a national care service. The commission, as the right reverend Prelate is well aware, will be chaired by the noble Baroness, Lady Casey. I agree with the right reverend Prelate that there are particular demands in certain local areas, and the strategy will take account of that, including the fact that, based on the growth of the population aged 65 and above, the sector may need 540,000 extra new posts by 2040. That is a big challenge, but by setting up the professionalisation, the training, the skilling and the fair pay for people, it is one that we will be in a much better place, across the country, to be able to deliver on.

In supporting the noble Lord, Lord Laming, I ask the Minister whether anything can be done officially to raise the status of care workers. Status is often very important for people wondering what sort of job to have.

The noble and learned Baroness is absolutely right about status, which assists retention as well as recruitment. Clearly, the first ever fair pay agreements will make that possible. The need to work with various partners across the sector was raised in an earlier question. The way in which those negotiating bodies will work will absolutely bring together all the partners in the sector to get to the right place. That will certainly include fairer pay, which we will see through the Employment Rights Bill, but also training and skills and the care workforce pathway, the care certificate and having a skills record. These represent a comprehensive package to raise the status in the way that the noble and learned Baroness asks for.